Cafe au lait spots, also known as “coffee with milk” spots, are flat, pigmented birthmarks that get their name from their light brown colour, resembling the hue of coffee mixed with milk. These birthmarks are relatively common, affecting an estimated 10% of the population.
What Are Cafe Au Lait Spots?
The causes of cafe au lait spots are linked to an overproduction of melanin, the pigment that gives our skin its colour. This overproduction occurs in certain areas of the skin, resulting in the characteristic light brown patches. Cafe au lait spots can come in different sizes and shapes. They may range from small spots to larger patches and may be present at birth or develop during childhood.
While most cafe au lait spots are harmless and do not require medical attention, they could be associated with genetic conditions, such as neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) or McCune-Albright syndrome.
Diagnosing Cafe Au Lait Spots
Diagnosing cafe au lait spots is usually straightforward and involves a physical examination by a healthcare professional. They will assess the appearance of the spots, considering their colour, size, shape, and location. In some cases, a biopsy may be needed to rule out other skin conditions or to further evaluate the spots if there are any concerns.
If you have any concerns about cafe au lait spots, particularly if you notice any changes in their appearance or if you have multiple spots, it’s essential to seek professional advice. This is because while most cafe au lait spots are harmless, atypical spots can sometimes be associated with underlying medical causes that require further evaluation and management.
Possible Treatments for Cafe Au Lait Spots
While most cafe au lait spots are benign and don’t require treatment, some individuals may choose to minimise the appearance of cafe au lait spots for cosmetic reasons. The most appropriate treatment will depend on various factors, including the size, location, and number of spots, as well as individual preferences. Several treatment options are available, including:
- Surgical excision: This involves surgically removing the spot, which may be an option for smaller spots.
- Laser therapy: Lasers, such as the Q-switch laser and Pico Laser, may be used to lighten the appearance of cafe au lait spots.
- Topical agents: Certain creams or ointments may help to fade the spots over time.
- Observation: In many cases, observation is the preferred approach, especially if the spots are not causing any concerns.
When to Seek Professional Advice
Cafe au lait spots are usually harmless birthmarks that don’t require treatment. However, it’s important to be aware of the potential for atypical cafe au lait spots or changes in existing spots that may warrant further evaluation. Here are some situations where you should seek professional advice:
- Multiple cafe au lait spots: Having multiple spots may indicate an underlying genetic condition.
- Changes in appearance: If a cafe au lait spot changes in size, shape, or colour, or if it starts to itch, bleed, or become painful.
- If spots suddenly appear: While some may develop during childhood, the sudden appearance of new spots in adults warrants evaluation.
- Concerns about appearance: If you’re concerned about the cosmetic appearance of cafe au lait spots, a medical aesthetican can discuss possible treatment options.
By seeking professional assessment and treatment from a qualified skin cancer specialist like Dr Gerard Ee, you can address any concerns, rule out any underlying conditions, and explore ways to manage the appearance of cafe au lait spots.
If you have any questions about your cafe au lait spot and would like to schedule a consultation, contact our clinic today. Our team is dedicated to providing you with compassionate care and ensuring you receive the best possible treatment for your skin health.
